Active and Passive Voice, इंग्रजी व्याकरणाचा सोपा प्रकार .

 

 विद्यार्थी मित्रांनो, 
इंग्रजी अभ्यासातील खूप सोपा व्याकरणाचा प्रकार म्हणजे voice आहे. याला आपण नेहमी Change the Voice या नावाने जास्त ओळखतो. Voice चा सर्वात जास्त उपयोग आपणाला इंग्रजी बोलताना होत असतो. आपणाला पुस्तके वाचताना देखील किती तरी वाक्ये passive voice मधली दिसतात. बोलणारे देखील भरपूर वेळा passive voice मध्ये सहज बोलतात. आपणाला जर याबद्दल पूर्ण माहिती नसली तर आपण गोंधळून जातो. आज आपण voice बद्दल अतिशय परिपूर्ण माहिती घेऊया आणि ती पण एवढया सोप्या भाषेत की, मी खात्रीने सांगतो तुम्हाला voice  शिकण्यासाठी पुन्हा पुन्हा  पुस्तकाला हात लावावा लागणार  नाही . चला तर मग सुरू करूया.....
Voice चे दोन प्रकार आहेत . Active voice  आणि  Passive voice.  कोणता  फरक आहे बरं voice च्या या दोन प्रकारामध्ये ?
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👉  🎯   1) ACTIVE VOICE :
आपण जास्तीत जास्त वेळा Active voice चा उपयोग करत असतो . अशा वाक्यांमध्ये  कर्त्याला जास्त महत्त्व असते. 
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👉🎯 2)  PASSIVE VOICE :
या वाक्यामध्ये कर्माला जास्त वजन असते. बोलताना अशी वाक्ये जास्त प्रभावशाली वाटतात.
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 🎯🎯🎯🎯    कोणत्या दोन गोष्टी    🎯🎯🎯🎯
खालील दोन गोष्टी पक्क्या  लक्षात  ठेवा .....👇👇👇👇
1) पहिली गोष्ट लक्षात ठेवा 😈
👉  Active voice च्या  वाक्यांचे रुपांतर Passive voice मध्ये करत असताना फक्त आठ प्रकारच्या काळामध्येच हे करता येते तर बाकी चार काळांमध्ये Active voice चे वाक्य Passive voice मध्ये करता येत नाही . चला या काळांची नावे कोणती ते पाहूया.
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👉 खालील आठ काळातील वाक्यांचे रूपांतर  Active voice मधून  Passive voice मध्ये  करता येते.
1) साधा वर्तमानकाळ 
2) चालू वर्तमानकाळ 
3) पूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ 
4) साधा भूतकाळ 
5) चालू भूतकाळ 
6) पूर्ण भूतकाळ 
7) साधा भविष्यकाळ
8) पूर्ण भविष्यकाळ
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👉 
खालील चार काळातील वाक्यांचे रूपांतर Active voice  मधून Passive voice मध्ये करता येत नाही .
1) पूर्ण अपूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ 
2) पूर्ण अपूर्ण भूतकाळ 
3) पूर्ण अपूर्ण भविष्यकाळ
4) चालू भविष्यकाळ
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2) दुसरी गोष्ट लक्षात ठेवा 😈
👉 सर्वच क्रियापदे वापरून Active voice चे Passive voice करता येत नाही .
🌎 Transitive verbs : ( सकर्मक क्रियापदे) :
यांचे रुपांतर Active voice मधून Passive voice मध्ये करता येते. ही क्रियापदे वाक्यामध्ये आपल्यासोबत कर्म घेऊन येतात.
उदाहरणे.....
1) play, read, lift, drive, catch, take, give, buy, sell..... 
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🌎 Intransitive Verbs ( अकर्मक क्रियापदे) :
ही क्रियापदे वापरून Active voice चे  रूपांतर Passive voice मध्ये करता येत नाही . ही क्रियापदे वाक्यामध्ये आपल्यासोबत कर्म घेऊन येत नाहीत.
उदाहरणे...
1) go, swim, die, come, smile, cry, sit, float, relax, mourn, appear, born.... 
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आता आपण प्रत्येक काळात Active voice चे Passive voice करताना कोणत्या गोष्टी लक्षात ठेवायच्या ते बघू आणि चारही प्रकारच्या  वाक्यांचे  voice बदलून पाहू.
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🎯👉 साधा वर्तमानकाळ 
  साध्या वर्तमानकाळात  Acting voice चे Passive voice करताना is/are  आणि क्रियापदाचे तिसरे रूप घेतात.
आता is कधी वापरावे आणि are कधी वापरावे हे खालील वाक्यांत  mango कडे पाहत रहा सहज  लक्षात येईल .
😈😈😈   साधी वाक्ये  
1) He eats a mango. 
👉 A mango is eaten by him. 
2) He eats mangoes. 
👉 Mangoes are eaten by him. 
3) Anil eats a mango. 
👉 A mango is eaten  by Anil. 
4) Anil eats mangoes. 
👉 Mangoes are eaten by Anil. 
5) My mother cuts a mango. 
👉 A mango  is cut by my mother. 
6) My mother cuts mangoes . 
👉 Mangoes  are cut by my mother. 
7) A farmer sells a mango. 
👉 A mango is sold by a farmer. 
8) A farmer sells mangoes. 
👉 Mangoes are sold by a farmer. 
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😈😈😈 प्रश्नार्थक वाक्ये 
1) Do I eat a mango? 
👉 Is a mango eaten by me? 
2) Do I eat mangoes? 
👉 Are mangoes eaten by me? 
3) Does he eat a mango? 
👉 Is a mango eaten by him? 
4) Does he eat mangoes? 
👉 Are mangoes eaten by him? 
5) Does Seema eat a mango? 
👉 Is a mango eaten by Seema? 
6) Does Seema eat mangoes? 
👉 Are mangoes eaten by Seema? 
7) Do they sell a mango? 
👉 Is a mango sold by them? 
8) Do they ripe mangoes? 
👉Are mangoes rippen by them? 
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😈😈😈   नकारात्मक वाक्ये 
1) I don't eat a mango. 
👉 A mango isn't eaten by me. 
2) I don't eat mangoes. 
👉 Mangoes aren't eaten by me. 
3) He doesn't make a kite. 
👉 A kite isn't made by him. 
4) He doesn't make kites. 
👉 Kites aren't made by him. 
5) We don't like an ice-cream. 
👉 An ice-cream isn't liked by us. 
6) We don't like ice-creams.
👉 Ice-creams aren't liked by us. 
7) You don't teach English. 
👉 English isn't taught by you. 
8) People don't waste water. 
👉 Water isn't wasted by people. 
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😈😈😈   नकारात्मक प्रश्नार्थक वाक्ये 
1) Don't I eat a mango? 
👉 Isn't a mango eaten by me? 
2) Don't I eat mangoes? 
👉 Aren't mangoes eaten by me? 
3) Don't we drive a car? 
👉 Isn't a car driven by us?
4) Don't we drive cars? 
👉Aren't cars driven by us? 
5) Doesn't she open the door? 
👉 Isn't the door opened by her? 
6) Doesn't she open doors? 
👉Aren't doors opened by her? 
7) Doesn't Rajesh draw a picture? 
👉Isn't a picture drawn by Rajesh? 
8) Doesn't Rajesh draw pictures? 
👉 Aren't pictures drawn by Rajesh? 
अशा पद्धतीने साध्या वर्तमानकाळात is, isn't, are, aren't आणि क्रियापदाचे तिसरे रूप वापरून Active voice चे रूपांतर  Passive voice मध्ये करता येते.
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🎯🎯👉 चालू वर्तमानकाळ 
चालू वर्तमानकाळात Active voice चे रूपांतर Passive voice मध्ये करत असताना is/ are व being व क्रियापदाचे तिसरे रूप अशी रचना करतात. खालील उदाहरणे वाचल्यानंतर तुम्हाला पूर्ण सराव होऊन जाईल .
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😈😈😈   साधी वाक्ये 
1) I am eating a mango. 
👉 A mango is being eaten by me. 
2) I am eating mangoes. 
👉 Mangoes are being eaten by me. 
3) He is telling a story. 
👉 A story is being told by him. 
4) He is telling stories. 
👉 Stories are being told by him. 
5) Students are writing an essay. 
👉 An essay is being written by students. 
6) Students are writing essays. 
👉 Essays are being written by students. 
7) It is killing an ant. 
👉 An ant is being killed by it. 
8) It is killing ants. 
👉 Ants are being killed by it. 
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😈😈😈  प्रश्नार्थक वाक्ये 
1) Is Anil reading a newspaper? 
👉 Is a newspaper being read by Anil? 
2) Is Anil reading newspapers?
👉 Are newspapers being read by Anil? 
3) Are you writing a letter? 
👉 Is a letter being written by you? 
4) Are you writing letters? 
👉 Are letters being written by you? 
5) Are they cleaning a room? 
👉 Is a room being cleaned by them? 
6) Are they cleaning rooms? 
👉 Are rooms being cleaned by them? 
7) Is she learning Marathi? 
👉 Is Marathi being learnt by her? 
8) Is she learning Marathi and Hindi? 
👉 Are Marathi and Hindi being learnt by her? 
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😈😈😈   नकारात्मक वाक्ये 
1) Mohan is not taking a catch. 
👉 A catch isn't being taken by Mohan. 
2) Mohan is not taking catches. 
👉 Catches aren't being taken by Mohan. 
3) Doctors are not treating a serious patient. 
👉 A  serious patient isn't being treated by doctors. 
4) Doctors are not treating serious patients.
👉 Serious patients aren't being treated by doctors. 
5)  Geeta is not using a new phone. 
👉 A new phone isn't being used by Geeta. 
6) Geeta is not using new phones.
👉 New phones aren't being used by Geeta. 
7) Farmers are not sowing  wheat. 
👉 Wheat isn't being sown by farmers. 
8) A basketball  player is not playing professional  matches .
👉 Professional matches aren't being played by a basketball player. 
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😈😈😈 नकारात्मक प्रश्नार्थक वाक्ये 
1) Am I not placing  an order ?
👉 Isn't an order being placed by me? 
2) Am I not placing orders? 
👉 Aren't orders being placed by me? 
3) Is he not helping you? 
👉 Aren't you being helped by him? 
4) Is she not singing songs? 
👉 Aren't songs being sung by her? 
5) Is government not helping farmers? 
👉 Aren't farmers being helped by government? 
6) Is your father not spending money? 
👉 Isn't money being spent by your father? 
7) Is she not earning money? 
👉 Isn't money being earned by her? 
8) Are you not doing homework? 
👉 Is homework not being done by you? 
वरील पद्धतीने is/ isn't/are/aren't + being+ क्रियापदांचे तिसरे रूप वापरून चालू वर्तमानकाळात voice बदलतात. 
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🎯🎯👉 पूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ
पूर्ण वर्तमानकाळात Active voice चे रूपांतर Passive voice मध्ये करत असताना has/have घेऊन been घेतले की झाले काम . त्यानंतर क्रियापदाचे तिसरे रूप येते.
 आता have कधी घ्यावे आणि has  कधी घ्यावे हे cake चे निरीक्षण केले की समजते.
😈😈😈 साधी वाक्ये 
1) I have eaten a cake. 
👉 A cake has been eaten by me. 
2) I have eaten cakes. 
👉 Cakes have been eaten by me. 
3) Santosh has visited a fort. 
👉 A fort has been visited by Santosh. 
4) Santosh has visited many forts. 
👉Many forts have been visited by  Santosh. 
5) You have stolen my pen. 
👉 My pen has been stolen by you. 
6) You have stolen my pens. 
👉 My pens have been stolen by you. 
7) Someone has left Australia. 
👉 Australia has been left by someone. 
8) They have done this. 
👉 This has been done by them. 
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😈😈😈 प्रश्नार्थक वाक्ये 
1) Have I eaten a cake? 
👉 Has a cake been eaten by me? 
2) Have I eaten cakes? 
👉 Have cakes been eaten by me? 
3) Has he bought a new house? 
👉 Has a new house been bought by him? 
4) Has he bought new houses? 
👉 Have new houses been bought by him? 
5) Have you broken the window? 
👉 Has the window been broken by you? 
6) Have they read these books? 
👉 Have these books been read by them? 
7) Has Aditya closed that door? 
👉 Has that door been closed by Aditya? 
8) Has a lion killed that poor animal? 
👉 Has that poor animal been killed by a lion? 
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😈😈😈 नकारात्मक वाक्ये 
1) I have not eaten a mango. 
👉 A mango hasn't been eaten by me. 
2) Ashok has not earned money. 
👉 Money hasn't been earned by Ashok. 
3) You have not written answers.
👉 Answers haven't been written by you. 
4) My father has not sold a  farm.
👉 A farm hasn't been sold by my father. 
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🎯🎯👉 साधा भूतकाळ 
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🎯🎯👉 चालू भूतकाळ 
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🎯🎯👉 पूर्ण भूतकाळ 
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🎯🎯👉 साधा भविष्यकाळ
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🎯🎯👉 पूर्ण भविष्यकाळ
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.....in progress.