मित्रांनो नमस्कार,
आज आपण इंग्रजीतील सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदांची महत्त्वपूर्ण माहिती शिकणार आहोत . आपल्याला इंग्रजी भाषेतील वेगवेगळी क्रियापदे माहिती आहेतच. जसे की ...
1) eat (इट) खाणे
2) go (गो) जाणे
3) play (प्ले) खेळणे
4) drink (ड्रिंक) पिणे
5) tell (टेल) सांगणे
6) jump (जंप) उडी मारणे
पण मित्रांनो, या क्रियापदांसोबत वेगवेगळ्या काळातील वाक्ये बोलण्यासाठी काही इतर शब्द वापरतात . त्या शब्दांना सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे असे म्हणतात बरं...
मग इंग्रजी भाषेत किती सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे आहेत बरं ?
त्यांचे किती प्रकार आहेत ?
ते नेमके कोणते शब्द आहेत ?
या सर्व प्रश्नांची परिपूर्ण उत्तरे आपल्याला पुढच्या फक्त पाच मिनिटांत मिळतील आणि नंतर आपल्याला सहाय्यकारी शब्दांची छानपैकी कायमची ओळखही होऊन जाईल ...
चला तर मग सुरू करूया ....
इंग्रजी भाषेत एकूण 24 सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे आहेत.
त्यांचे दोन प्रकार पडलेले आहेत.
आपण पहिल्यांदा सर्व 24 सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदांची नावे वाचूया...
am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, ought , dare , need आणि used !
एकदा मोजून बघा बरं किती भरतात वरील शब्द ते! पूर्ण 24 जर असतील तर आपले काम झाले म्हणून समजा ..
आता यांचे दोन प्रकार कोणते आहेत आणि कोणत्या गटात कोणते शब्द आहेत ते एका झटक्यात शिकूया...
पहिल्या प्रकारची सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे :
1) Primary Auxiliary Verbs :
यांना इंग्रजी भाषेत वरीलप्रमाणे Primary auxiliary verbs असे म्हणतात . ही एकूण 11 आहेत. खालील यादी वाचा ..यांचा उपयोग वेगवेगळ्या काळाची वाक्ये तयार करण्यासाठी होतो ....
am
is
are
was
were
do
does
did
have
has
had
आता या 11 शब्दांचा उपयोग निरनिराळ्या काळातील वाक्ये तयार करताना केला जातो हे मी तुम्हाला अगोदरच सांगितलेले आहे . कसे ते पाहूया चला....
1) Am (अँम) आहे.
I am playing cricket.
मी क्रिकेट खेळत आहे . (चालू वर्तमानकाळ)
2) Is (इज) आहे
Savita is reading a story book.
सविता गोष्टीचे पुस्तक वाचत आहे.(चालू वर्तमानकाळ)
3) Are (आर) आहेत, आहात, आहेस
Boys are watching a show.
मुले कार्यक्रम पाहत आहेत .(चालू वर्तमानकाळ)
4) Was (वाज) होता
She was waiting for me.
ती माझी वाट पाहत होती. (चालू भूतकाळ)
5) Were (वर) होते
Girls were swimming in the river.
मुली नदीत पोहत होत्या . (चालू भूतकाळ)
6) Do
Do you like ice-creams?
तुला आईस्क्रीम्स आवडतात का ? (साधा वर्तमानकाळ)
7) Does
Does he hate you?
तो तुझा तिरस्कार करतो का ? (साधा वर्तमानकाळ)
8) Did
When did it rain ?
पाऊस केव्हा पडला ? (साधा भूतकाळ)
9) Have
I have left my village.
मी माझे गाव सोडलेले आहे . (पूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ)
10) Has
Aditya has come here.
आदित्य येथे आलेला आहे . (पूर्ण वर्तमानकाळ)
11) Had
He had plundered me.
त्याने मला लुबाडलेले होते. (पूर्ण भूतकाळ)
आपण जर शांतपणे निरीक्षण केले तर आपल्या सहज लक्षात येईल की, कोणत्या काळाची वाक्ये तयार करण्यासाठी कोणते primary auxiliary verbs शब्द कामाला येतात.
दुसऱ्या प्रकारची सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे :
2) Modal Auxiliary Verbs :
यांना Modal auxiliary verbs किंवा Modals असेही म्हणतात . यांची संख्या एकूण 13 आहे आणि हे बोलणाऱ्या माणसाची वेगवेगळ्या प्रकारची मनस्थिती किंवा mood दाखवण्यासाठी उपयोगी पडतात ....खालील यादीतील तेरा शब्द बघा..
Shall,
Will,
Can,
Could,
Should
Would
May
Might
Must
Ought
Dare
Need
Used
चला आता आपण वरील 13 modal auxiliary verbs पैकी एका एका शब्दाचा उपयोग पाहूया ....
1) Should (शूड): सल्ला देण्यासाठी उपयोग करतात.
You should take left.
तू रस्त्यावर डाव्या बाजूने चालले पाहिजे .
2) Would (वुड) भूतकाळातील सवयी सांगण्यासाठी उपयोगी पडतो .
I would study for hours during childhood.
मी लहानपणी तासनतास अभ्यास करत असे.
3) Used ( to ) : या शब्दांचा सुद्धा उपयोग भूतकाळातील सवयी सांगण्यासाठी होतो.
I used to swim in our well.
मी आमच्या विहिरीत पोहत असे .
4) Must : बंधन किंवा कर्तव्य सांगण्यासाठी हा शब्द वापरतात . हा शब्द वापरला की, ते काम केलेच पाहिजे असा अर्थ होतो .
You must go to school today.
तू आज शाळेत गेलेच पाहिजे .
5) May : शक्यता व्यक्त करण्यासाठी हा शब्द वापरतात .
He may come here today.
तो आज येथे येण्याची शक्यता आहे .
6)Might : खूप कमी शक्यता आहे हे सांगण्यासाठी हा शब्द वापरतात .
He might help me.
तो मला मदत करण्याची कमी शक्यता आहे .
7) Can : क्षमता किंवा योग्यता सांगण्यासाठी हा शब्द वापरतात . म्हणजे कसं बघा ..माझेच उदाहरण घ्या . मला कोणकोणती कामे जमतात किंवा मी काय करू शकतो हे सांगायचे झाले की मी can शब्द वापरतो ...
I can run very fast.
मी खूप जोरात पळू शकतो.
I can drive a car.
मी कार चालवू शकतो.
8) Could : आपण भूतकाळत काय करू शकलो हे सांगण्यासाठी हा शब्द वापरतात .
I could build a house.
मी घर बांधू शकलो.
I could earn five crore rupees.
मी पाच कोटी रुपयांची कमाई करू शकलो.
9) Shall
10) Will : I आणि We सोबत हा शब्द वापरून खात्री किंवा निश्चितता सांगतात .
I will help you.
मी तुला मदत करीन .
We will buy this house.
आपण हे घर विकत घेऊ.
11) ought to : या शब्दांचा उपयोग आपले कर्तव्य सांगण्यासाठी करतात . काही वेळा सामाजिक आणि नैतिक जबाबदारी सांगण्यासाठी हा शब्द वापरतात .
We ought to wear masks.
आपण मास्क वापरला पाहिजे .
12) Dare : धैर्य दाखवण्यासाठी हा शब्द प्रश्नार्थक आणि नकारात्मक वाक्यात सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद म्हणून वापरता येतो.
I dare not tell him the fact.
माझी त्याला सत्य सांगायची हिंमत नाही .
13) Need
तुम्हाला जर चांगली इंग्रजी येत असेल तर वरील सर्व माहिती मी पुन्हा खाली इंग्रजी भाषेत लिहिलेली आहे ...ती एकदा वाचा...
In English, role of auxiliary verbs or helping verbs is very crucial. Auxiliary verbs help us in formation of various sentences when we speak and write in English. Auxiliary verbs are specially used for expressing our different types of moods such as Possibility, Certainity etc. In this article we will discuss about two most important roles of auxiliary verbs.
===============================
01) Role of auxiliary verbs in different tenses.
02) Role of auxiliary verbs for showing different moods.
=============================
But at first let's see how many auxiliary verbs are there in English and what are their types.
=========================≠====
There are commonly twenty four (24) auxiliary verbs in English.
They are.... Am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, need, dare, ought and used.
==============================
AUXILIARY VERBS are mainly divided into two types.
01) Primary Auxiliary verbs :
AM, IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, DO, DOES, DID, HAVE, HAS and HAD.
A) Forms of to 'be'= am, is, are, was, were.
B) Forms of to 'have'= have, has, had.
C) Forms of to 'do'= do, does, did.
Primary auxiliary verbs are 11 in total.
=========≠===================
02) Modal Auxiliary Verbs :
SHALL, SHOULD, WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT, MUST, NEED, DARE, OUGHT and USED .
They are 13 in total.
==============================
USES of Primary Auxiliary Verbs in formation of different tenses :
Primary auxiliary verbs are used in formation of sentences of different tenses with different types........
Let's see in detail......
===========≠================
1)Am
* I am playing cricket with my friends.
* I am not interested in chess.
* Am I not your friend?
=========≠=====================
2) IS
* Shital is going to school.
* Who is telling you a story?
* He is in a hurry.
==============================
03) ARE
* They are returning from Mumbai tonight.
* Why are you so pleased?
* People are not interested in politics.
==============================
04) WAS
* A farmer was going to visit Prime Minister.
* What was your son writing?
* That was not my day.
=============================
05) WERE
* We were talking about fluctuating share market.
* They were not satisfied at all.
* Were you at home yesterday?
=======≠=======================
06) DO
* What do you do everyday?
* Do you like blogging?
* People don't like communal violence.
=============≠≠≠==============
07) DOES
* When does Vijay go to bed?
* She does not mean that.
* Does Savita read novels?
==================≠============
08) DID
* Did you hear that peculiar sound?
* I did not say anything.
* When did he arrive?
=≠============================
09) HAVE
* I have cleaned my room.
*Have you completed your homework?
*We have to read something now.
==============================
10) HAS
* She has finished her dinner.
*Has anil come here?
*Aditya has to visit London next week.
=============================
11) HAD
* Ajay had not done anything wrong.
* Who had strolled for some time?
*You had better leave me alone.
So this way we can use primary auxiliary verbs in different types of sentences.
##############################
Now let's study modal auxiliary verbs and moods they convey........
01) SHALL ( Certainty )
# 'SHALL ' is used to express Simple Future Tense ( when it comes with I and We) .
# 'SHALL ' is used to express determination ( when it comes with He, She, It)
1) He shall continue his duty.
2) We shall leave this place.
3) She shall take her decisions.
==============================
02) WILL ( Certainty)
# 'WILL ' is used to express promise or determination ( when it comes with I and We) .
# 'WILL' is used to express 'Simple Future Tense' (when it comes with He, She, It and They.... Second /Third person singular / plural numbers).
1) I will help you.
2) He will tell a story.
3) Teachers will energize generations.
============================
03) MAY (possibility)
'MAY' is used for expressing possibility, wish and asking permission.
01)May I come in, sir?
02)May god bless you!
03) Aditya may reach by five this morning.
04) It may come to end this week.
================≠===========
04) MIGHT (less possibility)
'MIGHT' is used for showing less possibility of happenings.
01) It might rain tonight.
02) David might win this championship.
03) My father might let me go to picnic.
==============================
05) SHOULD (advice)
'SHOULD ' is generally used for giving suggestion or showing duty.
01) You should help your neighbors in need.
02) People should respect our laws.
03) Citizens should keep a nation clean.
==============================
06) MUST ( obligation)
'MUST' is broadly used to manifest compulsion or duty or strong obligation.
01) Every citizen must practise patriotism.
02) Each and every parent must send his offspring to school.
03) You must accept mistakes.
=============================
07) CAN (ability)
'CAN' is used to show ability, capacity and strength in current time.
01) I can climb a very tall tree.
02) My students can pass every exam.
03) Indian cricket team can beat any opponent team.
=======≠========≠============
08) COULD ( ability)
'COULD ' is used to express ability in the past.
01) I could help him many times last year.
02) Aditya could swim in deep water without any support.
03) India could win cricket World Cup several times.
================≠=============
09) WOULD ( habitual action)
'WOULD ' is commonly used for showing habitual activities in the past.
1) Aditya would go to play cricket every evening.
2) I would study for hours when I was preparing for exams.
3) She would call me every weekend when she was away from home.
=============================
10) OUGHT TO ( obligation)
'OUGHT TO ' is used to express moral responsibility.
01) Students ought to obey teachers.
02) Doctors ought to treat patients unconditionally.
03) You ought to help me as we have been friends since a long time.
=============================
11)USED TO ( habitual action)
'USED TO ' is used to show habitual actions in the past.
01)Aditya used to play with toys when he was toddling.
02) I used to save money when I was in farming.
03) Savita used to stroll after supper.
==============================
12) NEED ( necessity)
'NEED ' is used to express necessity.
1) You need not worry.
2) You need not do that.
3) You need not play with my toys.
======================≠=======
13) DARE ( courage)
'DARE' is used as an auxiliary verb to express courage in interrogative and negative sentences.
01) He dare not face me.
02) I dare not tell him the fact.
03) Dare you do it?
==============================
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