Sub-ordinating Conjunctions

 

 मागच्या भागात आपण Co - Ordinating Conjunctions बद्दल माहिती समजून घेतली . या भागात आपण Sub-Ordinating Conjunctions म्हणजे काय ते वाचूया .खरे सांगायचे म्हणजे आपण कितीतरी वेळा conjunctions  चा वापर इंग्रजी बोलताना व लिहिताना केलेला आहे . पण आपणाला जाणीव नसते की या शब्दांना conjunction म्हणतात . महत्वाची गोष्ट म्हणजे हा फार मोठा अवघड अभ्यासाचा विषय आहे वैगरे काही नाही बरं का .........ही नवीन शाळेतील तयार होत जाणाऱ्या मित्रांसारखी गोष्ट आहे .
आपण नवीन शाळेत शिकायला जातो . तेथे नवीन मुलांना भेटतो,  आपली तोंड ओळख होते पण नावे माहिती नसतात . मग एखादे वेळेस तिसर्‍याच ठिकाणी कोणीतरी आपली ओळख त्यातल्याच एखाद्याशी करून देतो, नाव सांगतो .... आणि आपण म्हणतो ....अरे याला तर मी अगोदरच ओळखतो की.....
Conjunctions चा अगदी असाच खेळ आहे . तुम्ही आतापर्यंत त्यांचा शेकडो वेळा वापर केलाय. आणि आता आपण त्यांच्या एकेक प्रकाराची माहिती शिकू लागलो की तुम्ही  म्हणणार ...अं ....यांना तर मी खूप जवळून ओळखतो....
चला तर मग आज शिकूया Sub-ordinating conjunctions म्हणजे काय आणि त्यांचे किती प्रकार आहेत......
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Sub-ordinating Conjunctions  म्हणजे एका  मुख्य वाक्याला दुसर्‍या उपवाक्यासोबत जोडणारे शब्द किंवा शब्द समुह आहेत.  आता आपल्या मनात दोन प्रश्न निर्माण झाले असतील ......1) मुख्य वाक्य म्हणजे काय ?  2) उपवाक्य म्हणजे काय ?.......बरोबर ना ....
आपल्याला ते नंतर समजून जाईलच . आता आपण Sub-ordinating Conjunctions ची ओळख करून घेऊया आणि त्यांचे  प्रकार पाहूया.......
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Sub-Ordinating  Conjunctions चे खालीलप्रमाणे प्रकार आहेत .....आता आपण त्यांचे प्रकार पाहूया आणि त्यांचा वापर करून वाक्ये तयार करून सराव करूया ......
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🌚🌚 01)  SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF TIME:  
यांना कालदर्शक उभयान्वयी अव्यय असे मराठीत म्हणतात . यांची काही उदाहरणे बघा .....when,  whenever, as, till,  while, before, after, until, hardly.... had, as soon as, no sooner than, scarcely.... had. 
मला खात्री आहे वरील शब्द तुम्ही या अगोदर भरपूर वेळ वाचले आणि लिहिले आहेत .....
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1) WHEN ( जेव्हा)  
आता बघा when च्या मदतीने दोन वाक्ये कशी जोडता येतात....
वाक्य क्रं 1) I met my friend after a long time. 
वाक्य क्रं 2) I became very happy. 
आता वरील दोन्ही वाक्ये when ने जोडूया ....
🎯  When I met my friend after a long time, I became very happy. 
दुसरे उदाहरण पहा.....
वाक्य क्रं 1) My son started crying. 
वाक्य क्रं 2) He saw a dog. 
🎯 My son started crying when he saw a dog. 
अजून काही उदाहरणे ......
🎯 When l left home, my mother broke into tears. 
🎯 When teacher entered classroom, students welcomed him.
🎯 I became happy when I saw my result card. 
🎯 Farmers shouted slogans when their leader visited the village. 
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2) WHENEVER : ( जेव्हा केव्हा) 
Whenever ने जोडलेली वाक्ये पहा....
🎯 Call me whenever you want to talk. 
🎯 Whenever it rains, roads become wet. 
🎯 Tell me whenever you want. 
🎯 Come to market whenever you are free. 
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3) AS ( जसा, जसे) 
🎯 Aditya opened his book as he noticed me nearing him. 
🎯  Dog started barking as he smelled something unfamiliar. 
🎯  As madam stopped her speech, students clapped hands. 
🎯 As teacher raised his voice, class turned very silent .
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4) TILL ( पर्यंत) 
🎯 I will read books till its midnight. 
🎯 My uncle will stay with me till my exam is over. 
🎯  Police will investigate till they uncover the facts. 
🎯 He will walk till he reduces two kgs.
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5) WHILE  ( च्या दरम्यान) 
🎯 I saw a wild bear while it was crossing the road. 
🎯 Mohan broke a jar while he was cleaning it. 
🎯 My friend told a story while he was driving his car. 
🎯  Savita sang a song while she was cooking food. 
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6) BEFORE ( त्यापूर्वी) 
🎯 Spectators left the show before the drama was over. 
🎯 Teacher took back answer sheets before the paper was written. 
🎯 He drove the car before air was filled in tyres. 
🎯 She served the rice before it was cooked. 
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7) AFTER ( नंतर) 
🎯 I left party after the light was gone. 
🎯 He finished his task after the time was given. 
🎯 People reached the spot after the miscreants were disappeared. 
🎯 He escaped the place after the fire was put out.
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8) UNTIL ( तोपर्यंत) 
🎯 Enjoy starters until meal is served. 
🎯 Wait until I return from the market.
🎯 Please watch cartoons until dinner gets ready. 
🎯 Wait until your turn comes.
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9)HARDLY.....HAD ( ताबडतोब) 
🎯 Hardly had I seen a tiger when I ran away. 
🎯 Hardly had he won the match when people celebrated his victory. 
🎯 Hardly had she left home when she met with a car accident. 
🎯 Hardly had Aditya entered house when his friends called him. 
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10 ) AS SOON AS ( ताबडतोब) 
🎯 As soon as he saw a tiger, he ran away. 
🎯 As soon as bell rang, she received the call. 
🎯 As soon as India won the match, streets became crowded. 
🎯 As soon as Seema reached home , her son hugged her. 
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11) NO SOONER THAN  ( ताबडतोब) 
🎯 No sooner did I see a tiger than I ran away. 
🎯 No sooner did she reach home than her son hugged her. 
🎯 No sooner did the bell ring than she picked up phone. 
🎯 No sooner did India win the match than streets became crowded. 
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12) SCARCELY.... HAD ( ताबडतोब) 
🎯 Scarcely had I entered the cinema hall when the show started. 
🎯 Scarcely had I fallen ill when I was taken to a doctor. 
🎯 Scarcely had I reached the station when 'Ajantha Express' arrived. 
🎯 Scarcely had I heard a noise when I started reeling. 
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 🌚 🌚 02) SUB- ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF CONTRAST
चला आता यांचा कसा वापर होतो ते पाहूया.....
1) THOUGH  ( जरी)  
🎯 Though he was unfit, he kept playing very well. 
🎯 Though my father sold everything, he couldn't collect enough money for my operation.
🎯 Though I moved heaven and earth, I couldn't reduce my weight .
🎯 Though he cracked several jokes, he couldn't gladden me. 
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2) ALTHOUGH  : (जरी) 
🎯 My grandma can hear clearly although she is too old. 
🎯 Although it is raining sufficiently , it can't yield good crops. 
🎯 People ignored him although he laid down his life. 
🎯 Although you are intelligent, you can't clear this tough exam. 
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3) EVEN IF : (जरी) 
🎯 Even if it's very dark, I can move smoothly. 
🎯 She can deliver speeches even if she doesn't have  enough knowledge. 
🎯 Even if it's tough time for me, I will help you. 
🎯 Even if he is  workless, he keeps his pot boiling. 
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4) EVEN THOUGH : (जरी) 
🎯 Even though he taught me everything, I committed mistakes repeatedly. 
🎯 He doesn't study hard even though he is equipped with all necessary things. 
🎯 Even though he drove fast, he couldn't catch the train. 
🎯 Even though gold prices dropped, none neared gold shops. 
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🌚🌚 03) SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF COMPARISON 
यांना मराठीत तुलनादर्शक उभयान्वयी अव्यये असे म्हंटले जाते . यांचे प्रकार खूप सोपे आहेत.
1) THAN ( च्या पेक्षा) 
🎯 Aditya is taller than any other student in the class. 
🎯 Maharashtra is larger than Kerala is. 
🎯 Milk is thicker than water is. 
🎯 Asia is bigger than any other continent on the earth. 
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02) AS..... AS ( च्या सारखा) 
🎯  No other metal is as bright as gold. 
🎯 No other country in the world is as developed as the U. S. A. 
🎯 His body has become as cold as ice. 
🎯 He walks as slow as a snail.
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3) SO  AS
🎯 Shital is not so tall as Lata is. 
🎯 India is not so unclean as foreign countries  are. 

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🌚🌚4) SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF PLACE 
ही स्थलदर्शक उभयान्वयी अव्यये आहेत.
1) WHERE ( जेथे)  
🎯 I don't know where he has gone. 
🎯 You can build a house where you want to. 
🎯 I have to go where my friends like to. 
🎯 None know where she lived. 
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2) ANYWHERE (कुठेही)
🎯 Play anywhere you like. 
🎯 Live anywhere you prefer to. 
🎯 Travel anywhere you enjoy yourself. 
🎯 See anywhere you find easier. 
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3) WHEREVER (  जेथे कोठे) 
🎯 Wherever you go, I will follow you. 
🎯 Wherever he is, he can't escape from me. 
🎯 Wherever she went, she developed good relations.
🎯 I will meet him wherever he is. 
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🌚🌚5)SUB- ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF MANNER
1) AS IF ( जसे काही) 
🎯 He behaves as if he were a champion. 
🎯 She lives as if she were a princess. 
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2) AS THOUGH ( जसे काही) 
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3) AS ( ज्याप्रमाणे) 
🎯 Write as I say. 
🎯 Practise as he suggested. 
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🌚🌚 6) SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF PURPOSE 
1) SO THAT ( म्हणून) 
🎯  I visit sanctuaries, so that I get wild animals to see. 
🎯 I go to gym, so that I can live healthy life. 
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2) LEST ( असे होऊ नये म्हणून) 
🎯 My mother takes my care lest I fall ill. 
🎯 Be prepared lest you should be attacked. 
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3)THAT ( या हेतूने) 
🎯  Deepak waters his plants everyday that they may grow fast. 
🎯 Farmers spend nights in farms that wild bears may not damage crops. 
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4) IN ORDER THAT 
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🌚🌚 7) SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF CONDITION 
1) IF (जर) 
🎯 If you play well, your team can win this tournament. 
🎯 If you stay here, you will meet many good people. 
🎯 If there's no rain, life will come to end. 
🎯 If you heat water, it boils. 
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2) UNLESS  : (जर नाही तर) 
🎯 Unless you learn English, you will slip behind. 
🎯 Unless you read books, you can't become wise. 
🎯 Unless you help me, I will not progress. 
🎯 Success is not achieved unless it's dreamt.
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🌚🌚 8) SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF REASON 
1) BECAUSE ( कारण की) 
🎯 He helps many people because he is very kind. 
🎯 Aditya is glad because he has new friends now. 
🎯 Trains are running slow because it's very foggy everywhere. 
🎯 I couldn't catch my bus because I woke up a little late. 
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2) AS ( कारण की) 
🎯 As he remained absent in the class, he was not allowed to take exams. 
🎯 He can speak English fluently as he has spent most of his time with English books.
🎯 As you filled incorrect information, your application is cancelled. 
🎯 Aditya couldn't attend school as he sustained injuries. 
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3) SINCE ( कारण की) 
🎯 Since you wished it, it will be granted. 
🎯 I can't step out of my house today, since it's very cold. 
🎯 Since he agreed,  he will help you. 
🎯 The Tapovan Express will not reach on time, since she's running very late.
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🌚🌚09) SUB-ORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS OF CONSEQUENCE OR RESULT
1) THAT
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2) SO THAT 
🎯 She is so sad that she can't smile. 
🎯 I am so tired that I can't walk any more. 
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वरील conjunctions चे जर आपण तीन ते चार वेळा वाचन केले तर लगेच लक्षात राहतात.
 Thank you!